Penal populism, as popularized by Duterte’s drug war, has fostered a political environment where the rule of law is increasingly undermined

Reform within the PNP must emphasize a clear, codified use-of-force policy

The Senate has a choice defend its mandate & hold Duterte accountable or allow unchecked power to erode the remains of democratic governance

This Filipino theory of criminal behavior reveals a complex interplay between legal institutions, social norms, and cultural practices.

This reform agenda seeks to modernize the PNP, promote professionalism, and create a police force that is accountable to the people

Research on structuring reforms shows decentralizing police forces can significantly reduce crime & improve public perceptions of safety